Description of Hallux Malleus "hammer toe"

-Hallux for the big toe
-Malleus for a hammer

Hallux malleus is a deformity of the great toe. This deformity can be very stiff or flexible. The joint in the great toe becomes contracted in a flexed or downward position.
This deformity usually occurs due to an imbalance of the tendons that insert on the top and the bottom of the great toe. When the tendon on the bottom of the toe (the tendon that causes the toe to flex down) over powers the tendon that causes the toe to bend up, this deformity occurs.

Usually patients will develop a callus and even an ulcer on the tip of the great toe. This deformity is often seen in conjunction with hammer toes. High arched feet are typically the most affected by this deformity.

This deformity is treat initially with padding techniques to prevent sores from developing at the tip of the toe. Custom, soft, accommodative orthoses are sometimes prescribed for the patient to provide cushioning and also to prevent worsening of the deformity.

If conservative treatment fails, surgery is indicated. Surgery usually consists of performing a bone fusion of the 2 bones in the great toe. This can be done with screws, staples, or wire fixation.